Completeness of callosotomy shown by magnetic resonance imaging in the long term.

Six individuals who had complete cerebral commissurotomy for medically intractable epilepsy participated in a magnetic resonance imaging study 20 or more years postoperatively. In all cases the completeness of callosotomy was clearly demonstrable. The status of the anterior commissure, cut in all six, could not be confirmed with the same confidence.

Immunological studies with liposome-bound corynetoxins.

Attempts were made to raise antibodies against corynetoxins, a family of toxins responsible for annual ryegrass toxicity. The glycolipid nature of corynetoxins made them ideally suited for incorporation into the structure of small unilamellar liposomes. Sheep were injected with corynetoxin liposomes with and without adjuvants such as lipid A and muramyl dipeptide, and the sera tested for anti-corynetoxin antibody.

Instability and apparent lack of metabolism of phomopsin A during incubation with ovine rumen fluid.

To investigate the stability and possible metabolism of phomopsin A in rumen fluid, phomopsin A was incubated in ovine rumen fluid - buffer mixtures for 24 h. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of extracted incubation mixtures demonstrated that although phomopsin A was degraded, metabolism by rumen microorganisms appears not to be important during 24 h incubation.

[Rare spherical duplication of the rectum--simulation of a tumor].

Case report on a spheric duplication of the rectum in the infralevator segment. The rare incidence is underlined by an inquiry in 23 clinics in our country: 5 clinics reported about 7 cases. In a review further 17 cases are presented.

Fibre density, amplitudes of macro-EMG motor unit potentials and conventional EMG recordings from the anterior tibial muscle in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A study on 51 cases.

Fibre density and amplitudes of macro-EMG motor unit potentials were studied and compared with conventional EMG in the anterior tibial muscles from 51 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The fibre density was increased in 46 muscles. Increased amplitudes of macro-EMG motor unit action potentials were found in 46 muscles, while the mean duration of motor unit potentials recorded with a concentric needle electrode was prolonged in only 26 muscles.

[The surgical anatomy of the rectal and anal blood vessels].

The authors examined 40 rectum specimens by angiography, preparation and staining methods to show the exact arterial vessel supply of the rectum and tried to find out whether a reason could be found for the relatively high rate of suture leaks after low resection of the rectum or not. The insertion of the levator muscle is a sort of vessel divide: caudal to the levator muscle the inferior rectal artery is the main supplying vessel, cranially the superior rectal artery. Here a vessel deficient-area always remains in the dorso-caudal sector of the rectal ampulla which cannot be compensated by another rectum-supplying vessel.

Saccular intrahepatic artery aneurysm.

A patient is presented with a bleeding intrahepatic artery saccular aneurysm. The patient had for years complained of intermittent abdominal pain and was admitted with acute colicky pain in the left upper abdomen, followed by acute severe anemia. She survived after ligation of the right hepatic artery and partial resection of the right liver lobe.

[Chondropathia patellae--a sequel of a primary neurogenic lesion?].

In twenty patients with a patellar pain syndrome (Chondropathia patellae) the quadriceps muscles were examined electromyographically. The study aimed for detection of neural lesions in the respective segments. According to Weh and Eickhoff (1983) nerve root lesions are the common cause for patellar pain syndrome.

Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity: US evaluation.

The sensitivity of duplex ultrasonography (US) for detecting deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity was compared with that of venography in a prospective study of 54 patients. Doppler analysis of the common femoral vein and US imaging of the deep venous system from the common femoral vein to the popliteal vein was performed. Common femoral vein response to the Valsalva maneuver was recorded.

[Relation of the duration of muscle action potentials to intramuscular temperature].

On 40 motor unit potentials recorded from the abductor digiti quinti muscle of 4 normal subjects the alteration of shape and duration under the influence of decreasing temperature (36 to 22 degrees C) has been examined. The mean increase of duration was about 6%/degrees C for the temperature range between 36 and 30 degrees C and about 9%/degrees C for the range between 30 and 22 degrees C. A significant alteration of shape, e.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials evoked by clicks of different polarity in multiple sclerosis patients.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) evoked by condensation, rarefaction clicks and clicks of alternating polarity were examined in 52 controls and in 95 patients with a certain or presumed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. It was shown that the type of stimulation could influence the shape of the BAEP considerably. In multiple sclerosis patients pathological results were found in 67 ears from 44 patients.

Somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve: normative data and results from 145 patients with erectile dysfunction.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) recorded from scalp after stimulation of the dorsal penile nerves, terminal branches of the pudendal nerve, were examined in 30 normal potent men and in 145 patients with erectile dysfunction of different etiologies. In the control group there was a significant relationship between latencies P1 and N1 and the subjects' height. In the patient group SSEPs were absent in 12 subjects, a prolonged latency was found in 28 patients.

Effect of microsomal enzyme inducers and inhibitors on the toxicity of tunicamycin and corynetoxin, the causal agent of annual ryegrass toxicity.

Of the microsomal enzyme inducers and inhibitors tested in rats, the only one to modify the toxicity of tunicamycin or the closely-related corynetoxin, the causal agent of annual ryegrass toxicity, was phenobarbitone. It increased the LD50 of tunicamycin from 0.31 mg/kg to 0.

[Significance of sensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of polyneuropathy].

In 172 patients suffering from neuropathies of different aetiologies (diabetic, uraemic, inflammatory, hereditary, alcoholic, cryptogenic) the SEP findings (cortical median and sural nerve SEP, cervical median nerve SEP, Erb's point potential) were compared with the results of conventional sensory and motor electroneurography (ENG) and with clinical signs. SEP's yielded a high percentage of abnormalities. Thus in 5 of the 6 groups the sural nerve SEP presented an unequivocal latency prolongation in 55 to 75% of the patients, in HMSN-I-patients even in 100%.

The latency difference of the tibial and sural nerve SEP: peripheral versus central factors.

The latency of the cortical SEP (CSEP) following stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve is nearly always shorter than the latency of the CSEP evoked by stimulation of the sural nerve. Till now this fact was believed to be due mainly to different conduction velocities within the peripheral nerves owing to the muscle afferents of the posterior tibial nerve. The surprising discovery that the lumbar and cervical SEPs exhibit much shorter time lags than the CSEPs led to the experiments described in this paper: during the registration of the peripheral sciatic nerve action potentials only slight differences in the conduction velocities were observed.

The nephrotoxicity of Isotropis forrestii in sheep.

Sheep were drenched with a single toxic dose of dried and milled Isotropis forrestii in water. Intoxication resulted in early onset of glycosuria, enzymuria and proteinuria. Terminal gross lesions included pale kidneys and perirenal oedema.

Neuropathologic and morphometric studies in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II with neurofilament accumulation.

Histological, electron microscopic and morphometric data on sural nerve, muscle, and skin biopsies of three patients affected by autosomal dominant hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II with neurofilament accumulation, whose neurological, cardiological and electrophysiological data have been provided in a previous paper disclosed focally enlarged myelinated axons, due to aggregation of neurofilaments in sural nerves of all 3 biopsied patients, as well as densely packed clusters of filaments in occasional non-myelinated axons without axonal enlargement, in several fibroblasts and endothelial cells in muscle and particularly in skin. This accumulation of filaments was less pronounced in our patients' tissues than in autosomal-recessive GAN. No ultrastructural differences concerning the accumulated filaments appear to exist between the affected cells of our patients and GAN.

Observations on the Tullio phenomenon.

Vestibular responses (vertigo, nystagmus-like eye movements) to acoustic stimuli are known as the "Tullio phenomenon". Detailed electro-oculographic analysis of this reaction, as observed in a 30-year-old patient, revealed the following: a maximum amplitude of eye movement (mainly vertical) was achieved by sine wave bursts of high intensity, a frequency of 500 to 1000 Hz and a duration of 100 ms. The ocular deviation was composed of a fast initial component, followed by a slower resetting movement that was often divided into two parts of different velocities.