Strong diffraction effects accompany the transmission of a laser beam through inhomogeneous plasma microstructures.

In the study we thoroughly analyze diffraction effects accompanying the laser beam transmission through inhomogeneous plasma microstructures and simulate their diffraction patterns at the object output and in the near field. For this we solve the scalar Helmholtz wave equation in the first Rytov approximation and compute the diffraction spreading of the transmitted beam in free space. Diffraction effects are found to arise within the beam passage through inhomogeneous plasma microstructures even in the simplest approximations of the laser beam interaction with plasma.

Measurements of high-current electron beams from X pinches and wire array Z pinches.

Some issues concerning high-current electron beam transport from the X pinch cross point to the diagnostic system and measurements of the beam current by Faraday cups are discussed. Results of computer simulation of electron beam propagation from the pinch to the Faraday cup give limits for the measured current for beams having different energy spreads. The beam is partially neutralized as it propagates from the X pinch to a diagnostic system, but within a Faraday cup diagnostic, space charge effects can be very important.

Bragg x-ray optics for imaging spectroscopy of plasma microsources.

Bragg x-ray optics based on crystals with transmission and reflection properties bent on cylindrical or spherical surfaces are discussed. Applications of such optics for obtaining one- and two-dimensional monochromatic images of different plasma sources in the wide spectral range 1-20 Å are described. Samples of spectra obtained with spectral resolution of up to λ/Δλ ~ 10,000 and spatial resolution of up to 18 μm are presented.