[Ultrasound assessment of alterations in venous haemodynamics in patients with post-thrombotic disease permanently taking phlebotonics].

Objective: The study was aimed at using ultrasound duplex scanning for determining the sequence and terms of formation of venous haemodynamics impairments in the affected lower extremity in patients after endured acute thrombosis of deep veins and assessing the effect of phlebotonic drugs on the course of these processes.

Material And Methods: We examined and treated a total of 66 patients presenting with newly onset acute thrombosis of deep veins of lower limbs without concomitant varicose disease. Group I patients (n = 22) received the standard course of angiotropic and metabolic infusion therapy, direct and indirect anticoagulants, as well as used elastic compression.

[Peculiarities of performing hybrid operation in a patient with atherosclerosis of lower limbs and developed critical ischaemia].

Currently, there is a tendency towards an increase in the incidence rate of cardiovascular disease. According to the data of the World Health Organization the incidence rate of obliterating diseases of peripheral arteries varies from 5 to 10%. Diseases of peripheral arteries manifest themselves by such a severe condition as lower-limb critical ischaemia.

[Immunomorphological aspects of formation of an intracranial aneurysm].

An immunohistochemical study of the arteries of the circle of Willis and the walls of ampullar aneurysms indicated the impaired expression of the matrix proteins collagens I, III, and V in the aneurysms. Examination of the proliferative activity of cell elements in different parts of the aneurysmal sac showed a significant activation of proliferative processes along the cervical parts of aneurysms and the presence of proliferating cells in the body and fundus of aneurysms different in sizes. The findings suggest that the magnitude of proliferative and synthetic processes plays a definite role in the formation of an aneurysmal sac and in the so-called growth of aneurysms.

[The classification of nervous system tumors].

The paper presents the classification of tumors of the nervous system, which is based on the Second Variant of the International Histological Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System which was developed by the WHO experts in 1993 and on the section "Morphology of Neoplasms" of the International Classification of Diseases, Xth review. These classifications were critically reviewed by taking into account the experience gained by the Laboratory of Pathomorphology, Academician N. N.

[The clinico-anatomical characteristics and the reasons for diagnostic errors in vascular micromalformations and cavernous defects in the cerebral vessels].

The presurgical clinical diagnosis of vascular micromalformations and cavernous defects of the brain vessels is one of the most intricate problems. Forty-seven observations of patients with verified histological diagnosis of various vascular micromalformations: arteriovenous, venous, cavernous, and undifferentiated ones were analyzed. There was a direct relationship between the clinical course of defects and difficulties in presurgical diagnosis, on the one hand, and the type of vascular micromalformations, the presence of hematomas, residual recurrent hemorrhages, vascular thromboses, the degree of glial hyperplasia and a tumor, on the other.

[The diagnosis of vascular micromalformations in the brain].

Ninety cases with cerebrovascular micro-malformations were analyzed. These abnormalities amount to 5.3% of the total number of patients with arteriovenous malformation.

[The prognostic significance of the histological characteristics of cerebellar astrocytomas in children].

The late term results of surgical treatment of cerebellar astrocytomas in children are compared with the specific features of the histological structure of the tumor and the volume of the surgical intervention. The authors distinguish the prognostically unfavourable characteristics of the histological structure of cerebellar astrocytomas (mitotic figures, even occasional, polymorphism of cells or nuclei, combination of dense cellularity with proliferation of endothelium in the vessels) which determine the prognosis in total or subtotal removal of the tumor. The index "volume of operation" acquires highest prognostic significance in subtotal removal of the tumor.

[Arachnoid cysts (pathomorphological studies)].

Based on a macro- and microscopic analysis of the material of 2 section cases and 29 biopsies of persons operated on for arachnoidal cysts two types of cysts were distinguished: 1) arachnoidal cysts that occurred as a result of isolated congenital pathology of the leptomeninx; 2) cysts representing a manifestation of the combined developmental abnormality of the CNS occurring in the form of arachnoidal cysts coupled with intracerebral ones and with pathology of the adjacent cortical parts in the form of gross impairment of its architectonics and developmental abnormality of cerebral vessels.

[Evaluation of the radicalness of the removal of craniopharyngioma of the 3d ventricle in children and the possible sources of their continued growth and recurrence].

The authors compared the evaluation of the extent of radicalism of removal of craniopharyngiomas of the third ventricle during the operation and in postmortem examination in 17 cases. They found that the transcallosal approach provides greater possibility for radical removal and correct appraisal of the volume of the removed tumor. Growth of connective-tissue fibres of the capsule of the craniopharyngioma into the walls of the third ventricle hinders total removal of the tumor.

[Changes in the blood vessels of rabbits exposed to a CO2 laser beam].

The main object of the experimental research was to study the conditions of irradiation of blood vessels with CO2 laser beam causing their coagulation. It is shown that in coagulation of blood vessels with reliable obliteration of their lumen coagulation necrosis of the wall occurs along the whole circumference of the vessel. Coagulation of blood vessels depends on their diameter and the structure of their wall and the blood flow rate in them.

[Monstro-cellular sarcoma of the brain].

The peculiar features of the histological structure of monstrocellular sarcoma of the brain are discussed on the grounds of morphological study of 14 cases. It is shown that the tumor arises in the adventitial cells of the cerebral blood vessels, which is evidence in favor of its mesenchymal origin.

[The adenohypophysis in craniopharyngiomas (morphologic study)].

Morphological examination of hypophyses in craniopharyngiomas showed that the hypophysis as a formed gland may be absent in the sella turcica, but aggregations of its cells in certain amount may be found in the fibrous capsule of craniopharyngioma. It is quite possible that exactly this fact explains to a certain measure the increasing hormonal deficit in total and subtotal removal of the tumor.

[Pathologo-anatomic characteristics of acute cerebral circulatory disorders in craniopharyngioma].

Acute ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation in craniopharyngioma occur mostly in the presence of chronic destructive changes in the vessels of the brain, mainly in the arteries of its base. Long-term spasm of the arteries is the most frequent cause of ischemic circulatory disorders, while the degree of brain affection is determined by the number and caliber of vessels involved in the pathological process.

[Vascular system of the brain in craniopharyngiomas].

Microscopic study of the cerebral vessels revealed coarse morphological changes in the tunical intima. Changes were seen in the arteries, veins and sinuses of the dura mater; they were of a chronic progressive character and formed the basis for the development of acute cerebral circulatory disorders in the postoperative period in patients with craniopharyngiomas.

[Arteriosinus anastomoses of the posterior cranial fossa (pathologic anatomy)].

Postmortem examination of the brain of 10 patients with occipito-sinus anastomoses showed that the morphological basis of this vascular pathology is an anatomical developmental defect of vessels of the system of the external and internal carotid arteries and dura mater sinuses with disturbed histological structure of their walls. Severe abnormality of calcium metabolism of the type of systemic calciphilaxis with involvement of the brain and viscera is encountered simultaneously in some cases. The combination of these pathological processes leads finally to gradually increasing circulatory disorders, brain hypoxia, and severe damage to the brain matter.

[Experimental and clinical basis for the use of 111In-DTPA for radionuclide cisternography].

Modern radiopharmaceuticals are used to get information on the anatomy and function of the liquor system, i. e. they make it possible to monitor a radionuclide biological behavior in vivo by external detection.

[Pathogenesis of late radiation necrosis of the brain].

The pathogenesis of late radiation necroses remains still unsolved in the problem of cerebral radiation injuries. The problem of primary site: vessels or medulla is a disputable one. In this case cerebral radiation nectosis developed in a 32-year-old woman 1.