Inpatient service utilization amongst infants diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection (RSV) in the United States.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among US infants. Characterizing service utilization during infant RSV hospitalizations may provide important information for prioritizing resources and interventions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the procedures and services received by infants hospitalized during their first RSV episode in their first RSV season, in addition to what proportion of infants died during this hospitalization.

Optimal site of care for administration of extended half-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibodies to infants in the United States (US).

Introduction: New extended half-life antibodies for the single-dose prevention of medically attended (MA) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) have been developed for administration to all infants before or during their first RSV season. For infants born during the season, administration as soon as feasible after birth would provide optimal protection and minimize access disparities. The objective of this study was to assess the time from birth hospitalization discharge to the first outpatient visit (FOV) among US infants in order to determine optimal site of administration for the extended half-life antibody.

Medically Attended Illness due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Infants Born in the United States Between 2016 and 2020.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Preterm infants and those with select comorbidities are at highest risk of RSV-related complications. However, morbidity due to RSV infection is not confined to high-risk infants.

The Logistics and Coordination of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis Use Among US Pediatric Specialists.

This study was conducted to survey US pediatric specialists about administration of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis, communication patterns among physicians and parents, and barriers to access. Separate surveys were sent to neonatologists, pediatricians, pediatric pulmonologists, and pediatric cardiologists. Most physicians (≥93.

Perceived Risk of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease and Immunoprophylaxis Use Among US Pediatric Specialists.

This study was conducted to assess the perception of US pediatric specialists of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease risk and determine their clinical practices regarding immunoprophylaxis for high-risk children. Separate surveys were sent to neonatologists, pediatricians, pediatric pulmonologists, and pediatric cardiologists. Data were collected using structured questions requiring quantitative responses.

Three monthly doses of palivizumab are not adequate for 5-month protection: a population pharmacokinetic analysis.

Recent guidelines in British Columbia, Canada have suggested that the use of a maximum of 3 monthly doses of palivizumab 15 mg/kg intramuscularly for RSV immunoprophylaxis of high risk infants born prior to the RSV season is adequate to provide protection against severe RSV disease for a 5-month RSV season. Efficacy was established, however, with 2 large, randomized controlled clinical studies using 5 monthly doses of immunoprophylaxis. To evaluate the differences in expected palivizumab exposures between the 2 dosing regimens (3 vs 5 monthly doses across a 5-month period), we used a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model that was developed using palivizumab PK data collected from 22 clinical studies with a total of 1800 subjects.

Measurement of amphotericin B concentration by resonant Raman spectroscopy--a novel technique that may be useful for non-invasive monitoring.

We wished to determine whether Resonant Raman Spectroscopy (RRS) could be used to measure Amphotericin B (AmB) at therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations in a model system mimicking the anterior chamber of the eye. The goal was to develop a technique for non-invasive measurement of AmB levels in the aqueous humor (AH) of the eye. A krypton-ion laser source (406.

Evaluation of persistent pulmonary infiltrates in pediatric oncology patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), computed-tomography-guided biopsy (CTB), and open lung biopsy (OLB) in the management of persistent pulmonary infiltrates in pediatric oncology patients.

Methods: Retrospective review of clinical records of pediatric oncology patients who underwent BAL, CTB, and OLB over a 7-year period. Data was compared across the three procedures using chi-square analysis.

Right atrial mass in a child with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

A 10-year-old patient with known coccidioidomycosis relapsed and had dysrrhythmias and a right atrial mass. Histopathology and culture after surgical removal revealed that this was a vegetative mass infected with Coccidioides spp. We believe that this is the first case of coccidioidal endocarditis to be reported.

Parasitic gastroenteritis.

Parasitic causes of diarrhea are common in pediatric patients and have important public health implications. Therefore, diagnosis should be pursued vigorously in the appropriate clinical setting. Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections are the most common causes of disease in the United States, and stool examination for ova and parasites is the best way to make the diagnosis.

Clinical profile of pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection.

To update the clinical profile of pediatric patients hospitalized with RSV infection, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 246 children (male:female ratio 1.44:1) admitted during one season to a tertiary-care hospital. The most common admitting diagnoses were bronchiolitis (37.