Ageing drop by drop: Disturbance of the membrane-less organelle biogenesis as an aging hallmark.

Despite extensive research, the features associated with the aging phenotype are not all-inclusive and need to be updated on a regular basis to incorporate new findings. We propose to include the dysfunction of membrane-less organelle (MLO) as a new aging hallmark. Special scaffold proteins with a high degree of intrinsic disorder drive the formation of MLOs via the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) process.

Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation.

Background: To combat the hesitancy towards implementing a hepatitis A universal mass vaccination (UMV) strategy and to provide healthcare authorities with a comprehensive analysis of the potential outcomes and benefits of the implementation of such a vaccination program, we projected HAV seroprevalence and incidence rates in the total population of the Russian Federation and estimated the pediatric vaccination threshold required to achieve an incidence level of less than 1 case per 100,000 using a new mathematical model.

Methods: A dynamic age-structured SEIRV (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated) compartmental model was developed and calibrated using demographic, seroprevalence, vaccination, and epidemiological data from different regions of the Russian Federation. This model was used to project various epidemiological measures.

Order wrapped in chaos: On the roles of intrinsically disordered proteins and RNAs in the arrangement of the mitochondrial enzymatic machines.

The analysis of cryo-electron tomography images of human and rat mitochondria revealed that the mitochondrial matrix is at least as crowded as the cytosol. To mitigate the crowding effects, metabolite transport in the mitochondria primarily occurs through the intermembrane space, which is significantly less crowded. The scientific literature largely ignores how enzyme systems and metabolite transport are organized in the crowded environment of the mitochondrial matrix.