Early retinal neurodegeneration in preclinical diabetic retinopathy: a multifactorial investigation.

Background/objectives: To investigate effects of microalbuminuria (MA), diabetes duration, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, hypertension (HT) and/or hyperlipidaemia (HL) coexistence on retinal layers in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Subjects/methods: This cross-sectional study involved 95 (45 had MA and 50 had no MA) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR and 91 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic controls. Macular and peripapillary SD-OCT measurements (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany), DM duration, HbA1c levels and presence of HT and/or HL were used for statistical analyses.

Effect of microalbuminuria on corneal endothelium in patients with diabetes without retinopathy.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microalbuminuria on corneal endothelium in patients with diabetes without retinopathy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy and 92 control subjects without diabetes. Forty-five patients had microalbuminuria and 55 subjects were microalbuminuria negative.

"Crack, Reduce, and Implant": A Safe Phaco Technique in a Case with Hard Brown Cataract.

This report describes two maneuvers in different steps of phaco surgery in a case with hard cataract, which provide debulking of the central dense nucleus and prevents posterior capsule rupture (PCR). In the current case, clear corneal incisions were created, and anterior chamber was filled with ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD). Anterior capsule was punctured, and capsulorhexis was completed.

Visual, Topographic, and Pachymetric Effects of Pediatric Corneal Collagen Cross-linking.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of pediatric corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), and other Scheimpflug imaging system parameters during 2 years of follow-up.

Methods: The records of 29 eyes of 29 pediatric patients who underwent unilateral CXL treatment for progressive keratoconus were reviewed. Changes in CDVA, Kmax, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, anterior chamber angle, pupil-center pachymetry, apical pachymetry, thinnest pachymetry, corneal volume, and topographic indices (index of surface variance [ISV], index of vertical asymmetry [IVA], index of height asymmetry [IHA], keratoconus index [KI], center keratoconus index [CKI], index of height decentration [IHD], and minimum radius of curvature [Rmin]) were analyzed among baseline and 1 and 2 years after the CXL treatment.