A structured jet explains the extreme GRB 221009A.

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powerful cosmic explosions, signaling the death of massive stars. Among them, GRB 221009A is by far the brightest burst ever observed. Because of its enormous energy ( ≈ 10 erg) and proximity ( ≈ 0.

Effects of medium polarization and pre-existing field on activation energy of enzymatic charge-transfer reactions.

The highly organized spatial structure of proteins' polar groups results in the existence of a permanent intraprotein electric field and in protein's weak dielectric response, i.e. its low dielectric constant.

[Adsorption of dimethylsulfoxide on proteins].

A method for measuring the adsorption of dimethyl sulfoxide on native and denatured trypsin and albumin was developed. On native proteins, no positive adsorption was registered, and a slight negative adsorption within the limits of experimental error was observed. It was shown that the properties of denatured proteins depend on the mode and conditions of denaturation.

Studies on the surface properties of human lymphocytes by photon correlation spectroscopy technique.

Electrokinetic behaviour of human lymphocytes was studied by photon correlation spectroscopy technique on laser IR-spectrometer. The electrophoretic mobilities (EPMs) were measured for peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and CEM-C12 T cell line in 1:1 electrolyte at 22 degrees C. Plots of mobility vs ionic strength in the range 0.

[Intraglobular electrostatic field of an enzyme. IV. Electrolytic dissociation of the active center of alpha-chymotrypsin].

The dissociation of the ionogenic groups of the active centre of alpha-chymotrypsin is considered taking into account effects of short- and long-range solvation and intraglobular electric field. The ionic pair Asp102-CO2-. His57-ImH+ is shown to be the most probable state of the neutral active centre of alpha-chymotrypsin, this ionic pair being stabilized substantially through electrostatic interaction of the ions.