Effects of multiple reflections on nonlinear absorption measurements.

Accurate measurement of nonlinear absorption coefficients by transmission-based techniques, such as Z-scan and its modifications, remains challenging due to high measurement errors. In this Letter, we claim that one of the reasons for that could lie in ignoring multiple reflections of light in plane-parallel samples in the presence of multi-photon excitation. Closed-form formulations for transmittance and reflectance coefficients, considering both linear and multiphoton absorption, are obtained in the geometrical optics approximation.

Novel therapeutics in development for the treatment of stimulant-use disorder.

Misuse and accidental overdoses attributed to stimulants are escalating rapidly. These stimulants include methamphetamine, cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy-type drugs, and prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate. Unlike opioids and alcohol, there are no therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat stimulant-use disorder.

[Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rebamipide. New possibilities of therapy: A review].

The MedLine database contains 570 publications, including 71 randomized clinical trials and 6 meta-analyses on the rebamipide molecule in 2022. Indications for the use of rebamipide are gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis with hyperacidityin the acute stage, erosive gastritis, prevention of damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa while taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, eradication of . Currently trials are studying the efficacy and safety of the drug in gouty and rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, bronchial asthma, vitiligo, atherosclerosis, diseases of the kidneys and liver; using in traumatology to accelerate bone regeneration; in ophthalmology to improve the regeneration of corneal epithelium; in oncology to reduce inflammatory changes in the oral mucosa after chemoradiotherapy.

Color-Coding Method Reveals Enhancement of Stereotypic Locomotion by Phenazepam in Rat Open Field Test.

One of the most important tasks in neuroscience is the search for theoretical foundations for the development of methods for diagnosing and treating neurological pathology, and for assessing the effect of pharmacological drugs on the nervous system. Specific behavioral changes associated with exposure to systemic influences have been invisible to the human eye for a long time. A similar pattern of changes is characteristic of phenazepam, a drug with a wide range of effects on the brain.

Novel Chromone-Containing Allylmorpholines Induce Anxiolytic-like and Sedative Effects in Adult Zebrafish.

Chromone-containing allylmorpholines (CCAMs) are a novel class of compounds that have demonstrated acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase-inhibiting and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-blocking properties in vitro, but their in vivo pharmacological activity remains underexplored. In this work, we evaluated the psychotropic activity of five different CCAMs (1 (9a), 2 (9j), 3 (9l), 4 (33a), and 5 (33b)) using the novel tank test (NTT) and light/dark box (LDB) test in adult zebrafish. The CCAMs were screened in the NTT at a range of concentrations, and they were found to induce a dose-dependent sedative effect.