[Vaccine-like viruses: peculiarities of circulation in the South America].

The peculiarities of the spread of vaccine-like viruses first revealed more than 50 years ago in the area of the South America was discussed. These viruses cause infective episodes among milk cattle and caretaking personnel. Cancellation of the smallpox vaccination in 1980 resulted in a decrease in the community immunity and increased the risks of human infection.

[Cowpox: features of spread after cancellation of mandatory pox immunization].

Features of spread of cowpox in the contemporary conditions are examined. A decrease of population immunity to pox in the population of Russia caused by cancellation of pox immunization, hidden circulation of cowpox virus in various species of rodents, as well as lack of vigilance to pathogenic orthopoxviurses in healthcare workers were noted to create the real preconditions for the emergence of infection of humans caused by cowpox virus. Thereby presence of means of express laboratory diagnostics of cowpox and means of effective medical protection for the prevention of development of this disease in the population of Russia becomes an actual necessity.

[Interferon inductor cupping of postvaccinal complications after variolation].

Efficacy of arbidol and ridostin in cupping postvaccinal complications due to variolation was studied by the clinico-virological, hematological and biochemical indices and it was shown that arbidol was efficient in cupping development of dermal complications, lowered the severity of the postvaccinal reaction and stimulated the cellular and humoral immune response. Ridostin, a high molecular interferon inductor, was highly efficient in cupping all the forms of the postvaccinal complications, including the neurological and cutaneous ones.

[The comparative study of the safety of a vaccinal process in both oral and epicutaneous immunization against smallpox].

Results of comparative studies of tableted and epicutaneous live smallpox vaccines are presented. In experiments on rabbits by using histological, immunofluorescent, immunological and virological methods, higher safety and efficiency of the tableted vaccine than that of traditional smallpox epicutaneous vaccine were determined. The natural and physiological character of oral immunization was shown.

[Experimental study of residual virulence of viral vaccine strains].

Residual virulence of three vaccinia strains: Neurovaccine, L-IVP, and its recombinant Revacs-B expressing HBs and preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus is compared. Insertion of HBs and preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus in the genome of vaccinia virus strain L-IVP decreases its residual virulence and leads to a benign course of vaccinal reaction involving no deaths of rabbits, cotton rats, or guinea pigs. We may expect that recombinant vaccine Revacs B based on L-IVP strain will cause no postvaccinal complications under conditions of an appreciable decrease in population immunity to vaccinia virus.