[Inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes under abiotic stresses in plants (review)].

Data on the role of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors in plant adaptation to various unfavorable environmental abiotic factors--water deficiency, salinization of soil, extreme temperatures, etc.--and also probable functions of proteinases inhibitors in natural plant senescense are considered.

[Proteinase inhibitors in plant biotechnology: a review].

Possible utilities for natural inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes in plant biotechnology have been reviewed. Among the potential areas of use of the inhibitors are (1) construction of transgenic plants with increased resistance to insects and other pests and (2) development of procedures for biosynthesis of recombinant proteins. In the latter case, the inhibitors will serve to prevent the protein degradation by proteinases.

Participation of proteolytic enzymes in the interaction of plants with phytopathogenic microorganisms.

Different forms of participation of proteolytic enzymes in pathogenesis and plant defense are reviewed. Together with extracellular proteinases, phytopathogenic microorganisms produce specific effectors with proteolytic activity and are able to act on proteins inside the plant cell. In turn, plants use both extracellular and intracellular proteinases for defense against phytopathogenic microorganisms.

[Proteinase inhibitors and their function in plants: a review].

The spread, classifications, and properties of plant proteins capable of inhibiting proteinases have been reviewed. Data from the literature on the likely physiological functions of these inhibitors in plants are analyzed.

Role of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes in plant defense against phytopathogenic microorganisms.

This review analyzes the literature on various mechanisms of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors involved in plant defense against attack by phytopathogenic microorganisms. The action of proteinase inhibitors from plants upon the enzymes from pathogenic microorganisms and viruses is reviewed. Considerable attention is given to the induction of proteinase inhibitors in plants in response to the invasion of pathogens.