Metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia: a review.

Metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in people with schizophrenia. Patients are at risk for premature mortality and overall have limited access to physical health care. In part these cardio-metabolic risk factors are attributable to unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet and sedentary behaviour.

Postprandial oxidative losses of free and protein-bound amino acids in the diet: interactions and adaptation.

Postprandial oxidation of dietary free amino acids or egg white protein was studied using the [13CO2] breath test in rats, as well as in humans. Thirty-eight male rats were assigned to four dietary test groups. Two diets only differed in their protein fraction.

Dietary amino acids fed in free form or as protein do differently affect amino acid absorption in a rat everted sac model.

In the present study, the effect of free amino acid (FAA) diets on the intestinal absorption rate of methionine and leucine was studied 'ex vivo' with rats adapted for different periods of time to the diets, using the everted sac method. The adaptation period to the 21% FAA diet with an amino acid content based on casein was either, 0 (no adaptation, N-ADA), 5 (short-term adaptation, ST-ADA), or 26-33 days (long-term adaptation, LT-ADA). Within the ST-ADA and the LT-ADA groups, three different levels of methionine were included: 50%, 100% and 200% of the level normally present in casein.

Typical and atypical antipsychotics differentially affect long-term incidence rates of the metabolic syndrome in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective chart review.

Unlabelled: The presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are limited data on the prevalence of MetS in patients with schizophrenia at the onset of the disorder and specifically no data on patients treated in the era when only first-generation antipsychotics were available.

Methods: Data from a historic cohort of consecutively admitted first-episode patients with schizophrenia treated with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) were compared with an age and sex matched series of consecutive first-episode patients treated only with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs).

Application of a [13CO2] breath test to study short-term amino acid catabolism during the postprandial phase of a meal.

A [13CO2] breath test was applied as a non-invasive method to study the catabolism of ingested amino acids shortly after a meal. This test requires the ingestion of a [1-13C]-labelled amino acid and the analysis of expired air for [13C] enrichment and CO2. The recovery of label as [13CO2] reflects the catabolism of the [1-13C]-labelled substrate.