Nondestructive and Rapid Screening of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Single Peanut Kernels Using Field-Portable Spectroscopy Instruments (FT-IR and Raman).

A nondestructive and rapid classification approach was developed for identifying aflatoxin-contaminated single peanut kernels using field-portable vibrational spectroscopy instruments (FT-IR and Raman). Single peanut kernels were either spiked with an aflatoxin solution (30 ppb-400 ppb) or hexane (control), and their spectra were collected via Raman and FT-IR. An uHPLC-MS/MS approach was used to verify the spiking accuracy via determining actual aflatoxin content on the surface of randomly selected peanut samples.

Bilateral Self-enucleation of the Eyes: Case Report and Literature Review.

Self-removal of the eyeball is an extreme form of self-harm, which is rare especially in a society ill-disposed to self-maiming. We report the case of a 75-year old man who plucked out his own two eyes in obedience to a voice urging him to do so. According to his wife, the patient had been exhibiting symptoms suggestive of a psychiatric disorder just before the incident.

Sub-tenon Versus Sub-conjunctiva Anaesthesia for Intraocular Surgery.

Objective: To compare the pain relief achieved using sub-Tenon anesthesia with that of sub-conjunctival anesthesia technique in intraocular surgery at the Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive adult patients who had intraocular surgery under local anesthesia were randomized into having sub-Tenon (3 mL) or sub-conjunctival (0.5 mL) injections using xylocaine ± adrenaline.

End-stage osteoarthritis of the great toe/hallux rigidus: a review of the alternatives to arthrodesis: implant versus osteotomies and arthroplasty techniques.

Hallux rigidus is defined as end-staged arthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Although the literature supports arthrodesis as being the gold standard for the treatment of end-staged hallux rigidus, there are several other treatments available that can either prolong the life of the remaining joint or artificially mimic the original biomechanics by replacing a portion of or the entire joint with the added advantage of preserving joint mobility. There are several new and emerging joint preservative techniques that may delay or prevent the need for a joint-destructive procedure, such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty.

Projected clinical outcomes of glaucoma screening in African American individuals.

Objectives: To project the clinical impact of routine glaucoma screening on visual outcomes in middle-aged African American individuals and help guide glaucoma screening policy.

Methods: Using data from the Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group and Baltimore Eye Study, we developed a microsimulation model to project visual outcomes in African American individuals screened for glaucoma under a national screening policy using frequency-doubling technology. We projected the impact of universal screening on glaucoma-related visual impairment (acuity worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200 in the better-seeing eye) and blindness (acuity 20/200 or worse in the better-seeing eye).