Impact of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation on Endothelial Behavior under Magnesium Deficiency.

Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial event in the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Indeed, in endothelial cells, low Mg levels promote the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype. This paper investigates the mechanisms by which Mg deficiency promotes oxidative stress and affects endothelial behavior in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Magnesium and vitamin D in long COVID syndrome; do they help?

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly clear that the disease can have relevant multisystemic and long-term effects, and several studies have attempted to identify key determinants of the disease course. Here we discuss recent evidence suggesting that, in long COVID patients, combined magnesium and vitamin D deficiencies associate with a higher number of clinical manifestations, as compared to patients with normal levels of both nutrients. We highlight the potential synergistic effects of these deficiencies and propose that future studies should explore a causal link with the risk of developing long COVID.

Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Biologic Drugs Resistance and Therapeutic Failure in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The advent of biologic drugs has revolutionized the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, increasing rates of response and mucosal healing in comparison to conventional therapies by allowing the treatment of corticosteroid-refractory cases and reducing corticosteroid-related side effects. However, biologic therapies (anti-TNFα inhibitors, anti-α4β7 integrin and anti-IL12/23) are still burdened by rates of response that hover around 40% (in biologic-naïve patients) or lower (for biologic-experienced patients). Moreover, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance or loss of response is still scarce.