Discipline-specific Torque-Velocity Profiles and Musculotendinous Morphology in Athletes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare torque-velocity profiles, muscle architecture, tendon dimensions, and bilateral-symmetry between competitive cyclists (CY), competitive runners (RN), ice-hockey players (IH), basketball players (BP), and physically-active individuals (CN) (n=10 for each group).

Methods: Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle and patellar tendon (PT) structures were determined with B-mode ultrasonography, and maximal knee extensor isokinetic torque was assessed at three different velocities.

Results: Optimal torque and velocity were lower in runners than CY, BP and IH (p<0.

Increasing the resting time between drop jumps lessens delayed-onset muscle soreness and limits the extent of prolonged low-frequency force depression in human knee extensor muscles.

Purpose: Unaccustomed eccentric contractions generally result in a long-lasting contractile impairment, referred to as prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD), and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). We here used repeated drop jumps (DJs) as an eccentric contraction model and studied the effects of increasing the time between DJs from 20 s to 5 min. We hypothesized that both PLFFD and DOMS would be less marked at the longer DJ interval due to the longer time to restore structural elements between DJs.

Acute effects of high-intensity interval training on cognition and retinal microcirculation in experienced amateur boxers.

Background: Limited and contradictory data are available regarding the acute effects of endurance exercises on cognition and retinal microcirculation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the acute effects of sport-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognition and retinal vessel diameters in experienced amateur boxers.

Methods: Eleven young (age 22.

The contribution of low-frequency fatigue to the loss of quadriceps contractile function following repeated drop jumps.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Why do some subjects recover slowly following a bout of eccentric exercise and why is recovery faster following a repeated bout? What is the main finding and its importance? The results are consistent with two major causes of the reduction of quadriceps torque, the onset of low-frequency fatigue which recovered relatively fast and a second, delayed form of damage. Differences in the delayed damage process largely accounted for the differences in the rate of torque recovery between subjects after a first bout and it was suppression of the delayed damage which accounted for the faster recovery following a repeated bout of eccentric exercise.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which low-frequency fatigue (LFF) accounts for the loss of quadriceps strength and time course of recovery following a series of drop jumps (DJs).

Acute and chronic effects of soccer game on the retinal vessel diameters in middle-aged adults.

Background: Although changes in retinal vessel diameter is a new biomarker for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors, limited information is available regarding the effects of endurance exercises on retinal microcirculation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate both chronic and acute effects of soccer game on the diameters of retinal vessels in middle-aged players.

Methods: Retinal vessel diameters were measured in 12 middle-aged amateur players (44.