Prognosis after Local Recurrence in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treated without Chemotherapy.

Background: Many women with early-stage breast cancer are predicted to be at sufficiently low risk for recurrence that they may forego chemotherapy. Nevertheless, some low-risk women will experience a local recurrence, and for them the risk of death increases significantly thereafter. The utility of initiating chemotherapy at the time of local recurrence has not been adequately addressed.

Countercurrents: DCIS or Cancer? Why All the Confusion?

At present, women with ductal carcinoma in situ are counseled that they have a pre-malignant condition which carries the possibility of progression to a fully malignant breast cancer. However, in most cases, the treatment of DCIS resembles that of a small invasive breast cancer and this is a source of confusion to many. In order to properly evaluate the benefit of radiotherapy, mastectomy and contralateral mastectomy, it is necessary to consider the risks of ipsilateral invasive cancer and of contralateral breast cancer in women with DCIS and with small invasive breast cancer.

A Validation of Methods for the Evaluation of Observational Studies of Screening Mammography: An Exploratory Analysis Based on Simulating Screening Cohorts.

Background: The degree of confidence one should place on non-randomised observational trials studies which estimate the benefit of screening depends on the validity of the analytic method employed. As is the case for all observational trials, screening evaluation studies are subject to bias. The objective of this study was to create a simulated data set and to compare four analytic methods in order to identify the method which was the least biased in terms of estimating the underlying hazard ratio.

International variation in breast cancer incidence and mortality in young women.

Purpose: Breast cancer in young women (< 40 years) is rare and carries a poor prognosis relative to breast cancer in older women. Most studies examining global breast cancer patterns do not describe the trends in young women specifically.

Methods: Data from GLOBOCAN 2018 were used to compare breast cancer incidence and mortality rates among younger (ages 0-39) vs.

Association of a Diagnosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ With Death From Breast Cancer.

Importance: It is not clear to what extent a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) impacts a woman's lifetime risk of dying of breast cancer. Under ideal circumstances, treatment will eliminate the risk of invasive ipsilateral recurrence and prevent subsequent mortality from breast cancer. The risk of dying of breast cancer after a diagnosis of DCIS had not been compared with that of women without cancer in the general population.