Unique immune and inflammatory cytokine profiles may define long COVID syndrome.

Purpose: Long COVID is estimated to occur in 5-10% of individuals after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the pathophysiology driving the disease process is poorly understood.

Methods: We evaluated urine and plasma inflammatory and immune cytokine profiles in 33 individuals with long COVID compared to 33 who were asymptomatic and recovered, and 34 without prior infection.

Local monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants in two large California counties in 2021.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to persist due to mutations resulting in newer, more infectious variants of concern. We aimed to leverage an ongoing private SARS-CoV-2 testing laboratory's infrastructure to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants in two large California counties. Study enrollment was offered to adults aged 18 years or older in Los Angeles County and Riverside County who recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Detection of persistent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal fluid and upper respiratory tract specimens following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are highly effective at preventing COVID-19. Prior studies have found detectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in oral mucosal specimens of participants with history of COVID-19. To assess the development of oral SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among people who received either the Moderna or Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination series, we developed a novel SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify the concentrations of oral and nasal mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels.

SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibodies Persist Over a 12-Month Period in Oral Mucosal Fluid Collected From Previously Infected Individuals.

Background: Developing an understanding of the antibody response, seroprevalence, and seroconversion from natural infection and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 will give way to a critical epidemiological tool to predict reinfection rates, identify vulnerable communities, and manage future viral outbreaks. To monitor the antibody response on a larger scale, we need an inexpensive, less invasive, and high throughput method.

Methods: Here we investigate the use of oral mucosal fluids from individuals recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection to monitor antibody response and persistence over a 12-month period.