Biosimilar erythropoietin in anemia treatment (BEAT)-Efficacy and safety of a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® to EPIAO® in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group study.

Background: EPREX®/ERYPO®/PROCRIT® (epoetin alfa, Janssen-Cilag GmbH) was the first available recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and was universally reference product as per the recommendation provided by European Medicines Agency. EPIAO® is a biosimilar formulation of EPREX®, and making it a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® according to recommendation of European Medicines Agency. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of EPIAO® in subjects with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis after intravenous administration.

"Black curtain, Brown window" - A case of recurrent intermittent idiopathic Brown syndrome with atypical presenting symptoms.

Brown syndrome is characterized by limited elevation of the eye in an adducted position, most often secondary to mechanical restriction of the superior oblique tendon/trochlea complex. It can be constant or intermittent/recurrent. We report on a 5 years-old boy who complained of seeing dark curtain and had strange head movements.

Post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating parathyroid hormone gene expression in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates serum calcium levels and bone strength. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that correlates with morbidity and mortality. In experimental SHP, the increased PTH gene expression is due to increased PTH mRNA stability and is mediated by protein-PTH mRNA interactions.

and Regulate Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism commonly complicates CKD and associates with morbidity and mortality. We profiled microRNA (miRNA) in parathyroid glands from experimental hyperparathyroidism models and patients receiving dialysis and studied the function of specific miRNAs. miRNA deep-sequencing showed that human and rodent parathyroids share similar profiles.

Micro-RNAs in the parathyroid: a new portal in understanding secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Purpose Of Review: Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are important to the function of many cells including endocrine systems. We present the reported changes in miRNA profiles in parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas. We review the essential roles of parathyroid miRNAs to the response of the parathyroid to hypocalcemia and uremia.