Potential investigation of combined natural dye pigments extracted from ivy gourd leaves, black glutinous rice and turmeric for dye-sensitised solar cell.

Environmental sustainability, resource availability, and cost-effectiveness are the driving forces behind the search for natural sensitised dyes to replace synthetic ones. Using a combination of pigments as the sensitised dye in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) offers several advantages over using a single pigment. In this present study, natural dyes with different pigments were extracted from three local plants: Coccinia grandis (Ivy gourd leaves, IGL), Oryza sativa Linn (Black glutinous rice, BGR), and Curcuma longa L.