Racial and Gender Differences in Medical Student Burnout: A 2021 National Survey.

Objective: To measure racial and gender differences in medical student burnout and identify possible contributing factors.

Patients And Methods: Electronic surveys were distributed to medical students at 9 US medical schools from December 27, 2020, through January 17, 2021. Questions covered demographic characteristics, stressors contributing to burnout, and the 2-item Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Structural Insight into Catalysis by the Flavin-Dependent NADH Oxidase (Pden_5119) of .

The Pden_5119 protein oxidizes NADH with oxygen under mediation by the bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and may be involved in the maintenance of the cellular redox pool. In biochemical characterization, the curve of the pH-rate dependence was bell-shaped with pK = 6.6 and pK = 9.

The ArsH Protein Product of the Operon Has an Activity of Organoarsenic Reductase and Is Regulated by a Redox-Responsive Repressor.

ArsH is encoded by two identical genes located in two distinct putative arsenic resistance () operons. -produced recombinant N-His-ArsH was characterized both structurally and kinetically. The X-ray structure of ArsH revealed a flavodoxin-like domain and motifs for the binding of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

Involvement of the -Type Terminal Oxidase in Growth Competition of Bacteria, Biofilm Formation, and in Switching between Denitrification and Aerobic Respiration.

has a branched electron transport chain with three terminal oxidases transferring electrons to molecular oxygen, namely -type and -type cytochrome oxidases and -type ubiquinol oxidase. In the present study, we focused on strains expressing only one of these enzymes. The competition experiments showed that possession of -type oxidase confers significant fitness advantage during oxygen-limited growth and supports the biofilm lifestyle.

Modifications of the Aerobic Respiratory Chain of Paracoccus Denitrificans in Response to Superoxide Oxidative Stress.

is a strictly respiring bacterium with a core respiratory chain similar to that of mammalian mitochondria. As such, it continuously produces and has to cope with superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. In this work, the effects of artificially imposed superoxide stress on electron transport were examined.