Predictability of acute radiation injury severity.

Results of dose-response analyses for different clinical symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) are reported here. The analyses were performed on dosimetric and clinical data from a group of ARS patients (59 cases) exposed to gamma and neutron or gamma radiation alone due to nuclear accidents at Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA). Findings suggested the possibility of prediction of injury severity within the first hours or days after acute exposure based on clinical symptoms and signs such as the onset of vomiting, neutrophil count abnormalities in the peripheral blood within the first 2-3 hours after acute exposure, and lymphocyte count abnormalities in the peripheral blood within the first 24-48 h after acute exposure.

The Radiation Injury Severity Classification system: an early injury assessment tool for the frontline health-care provider.

Our goal was to adapt current diagnostic methods for radiation overexposure patients into a practical system that can be implemented rapidly and reliably by responders unfamiliar with the effects of radiation. Our Radiation Injury Severity Classification (RISC) system uses clinical and haematological parameters from the prodromal phase of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) to classify acute radiation injury for purposes of managing treatment disposition. Data from well-documented ARS cases were used to test the RISC system.

[Long-term consequences of external gamma-radiation according to the results of the observation of the personnel of the first atomic power plant in the country].

The authors present a brief review of the results of many-year research into the clinical effects, consequences, and outcomes of occupational external gamma-radiation in a wide dose range. Chronic external gamma-radiation does not cause radiation-induced effects when it does not exceed the limit of the yearly dose for personnel. Tendency for cytopenia in peripheral blood (leukothrombocytopenia) appears when the maximum yearly dose is not less than 25 to 50.

[Some health parameters in personnel contacting highly enriched uranium].

The authors analysed 20-years and longer observations over health state of personnel having occupational contact with highly enriched uranium. Findings are no determined effects as clinical manifestations of chronic uranium intoxication, presented by most frequently involved systems (hemopoietic, bronchopulmonary) and main organs accumulating uranium (liver, kidneys, bones). Long-term observations revealed malignancies in 11% of the examinees.

[The chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes 43-46 years after the acute radiation disease].

Cytogenetic study of workers, who had an acute radiation syndrome of the medium (ARS II), severe (ARS III) and extremely severe (ARS III-IV) degrees in 1953-1957, was performed. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood were cultured and analyzed with using the routine chromosome staining (4 individuals) and FISH (2 individuals) methods. In each case 4000-1000 metaphase slides were analyzed with the group chromosome kariotyping.