Review of Point-of-Care Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: Background, Techniques, Achieving Competency, Research, and Recommendations.

The diaphragm is the major muscle of inspiration accounting for approximately 70% of the inspired tidal volume. Point-of-care diaphragmatic ultrasound offers the ability to quantitatively assess diaphragmatic function, perform serial evaluations over time, and visualize structures above and below the diaphragm. Although interest in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the diaphragm is developing in the emergency medicine, assessment of the diaphragm and its function is not recognized as a core application by national organizations or expert guidelines.

Post-acute day and night non-invasive respiratory intervention use and outcome: A brief report.

Objective: This study aimed to describe daytime and nighttime use and outcome of non-invasive respiratory intervention (NIRI) for infants born prematurely and for children with medical complexity (CMC) during a post-acute care hospital (PACH) admission.

Methods: Thirty-eight initial PACH admissions (October 2018 through September 2020) for premature infants (< 1 year; n = 19) and CMC (> 1 year; n = 19) requiring NIRI during the day and/or at night were retrospectively examined. Measures included: 1) daytime and nighttime NIRI use by type (supplemental oxygen therapy via low-flow nasal cannula or positive airway pressure [PAP] via high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, or biphasic positive airway pressure at admission and discharge) and 2) daytime and nighttime NIRI outcome-reduction, increase, or no change from admission to discharge.