Cross-country analysis of national mental health investment case studies in sub-Saharan Africa and Central, South and South-East Asia.

Introduction: Despite the increasing interest in and political commitment to mental health service development in many regions of the world, there remains a very low level of financial commitment and corresponding investment. Assessment of the projected costs and benefits of scaling up the delivery of effective mental health interventions can help to promote, inform and guide greater investment in public mental health.

Methods: A series of national mental health investment case studies were carried out (in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nepal, Philippines, Uganda, Uzbekistan and Zimbabwe), using standardized guidance developed by WHO and UNDP and implemented by a multi-disciplinary team.

Impact of risk factors on in-hospital mortality for octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery.

Background: Octogenarians undergoing cardiac surgery have higher mortality than their younger counterparts.

Objectives: To determine if various risk factors have the same effect on mortality in octogenarians as in younger patients.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample data set from 2004 to 2014 was queried to select patients aged 65 years and older who underwent either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valvular heart surgery (VHS), or both (CABG + VHS) within 10 days of hospital admission.

Modified frailty index as an indicator for outcomes, discharge status, and readmission after lower extremity bypass surgery for critical limb ischemia.

Frailty has been associated with poor postoperative outcomes. This study evaluated the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) to assess complications, mortality, discharge disposition, and readmission in patients undergoing lower extremity (LE) bypass for critical limb ischemia (CLI).The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program vascular module (2011-2017) was utilized to identify patients undergoing LE bypass for CLI.

Anesthesia Type is Associated with Decreased Cranial Nerve Injury in Carotid Endarterectomy.

Background: Anesthesia modalities for carotid endarterectomy continue to vary nationally. We evaluated and compared short-term outcomes after carotid endarterectomy with general anesthesia (GA) and regional anesthesia (RA) in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Methods: The 2011-2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data Files (PUFs) with merged Vascular Procedure-Targeted PUFs for carotid endarterectomy were queried for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.