Characterization of a novel Type-I Crustin (carcininPm2) from black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.

Carcinins are type-I crustins from crustaceans and play an important role in innate immune system. In this study, type-I crustins, carcininPm1 and carcininPm2, from the hemocytes of Penaeus monodon were identified. Comparison of their amino acid sequences and the phylogenetic tree revealed that they were closely related to the other crustacean carcinin proteins, but were clustered into different groups of the carcinin proteins.

Antiviral properties of Penaeus monodon cyclophilin A in response to white spot syndrome virus infection in the black tiger shrimp.

Cyclophilin A (CypA) or peptidylprolyl isomerase A, plays an important role in protein folding, trafficking, environmental stress, cell signaling and apoptosis etc. In shrimp, the mRNA expression level of PmCypA was stimulated by LPS. In this study, all three types of shrimp hemocytes: hyaline cell, granulocyte and semi-granulocyte expressed the PmCypA protein.

Plasmolipin, PmPLP1, from Penaeus monodon is a potential receptor for yellow head virus infection.

Plasmolipin has been characterized as a cell entry receptor for mouse endogenous retrovirus. In black tiger shrimp, two isoforms of plasmolipin genes, PmPLP1 and PmPLP2, have been identified from the Penaeus monodon EST database. The PmPLP1 is highly up-regulated in yellow head virus (YHV)-infected shrimp.

Silencing of a Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor SPIPm2 from Penaeus monodon affects YHV susceptibility and hemocyte homeostasis.

In shrimp, the Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors (KPIs) are involved in host innate immune defense system against pathogenic microorganisms. A five-Kazal-domain SPIPm2 is the most abundant KPIs in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and up-regulated in response to yellow head virus (YHV) infection. In this study, the role of SPIPm2 in YHV infection was investigated.

Antimicrobial activity of a serine proteinase inhibitor SPIPm5 from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.

A two-domain Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor, SPIPm5, from Penaeus monodon was studied. Its transcript was expressed in all tissues tested including the hemocytes, stomach, gill, lymphoid organ, muscle, intestine and heart albeit less in hepatopancreas and eyestalk. The expression of SPIPm5 gene was also up-regulated by heat stress, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and yellow head virus (YHV) infection.