Conversion of carbonyl compounds to alkynes: general overview and recent developments.

The preparation of alkynes from carbonyl compounds via a one-carbon homologation has become a very useful pathway for the synthesis of acetylenic compounds, both internal and terminal. This tutorial review provides an overview of the different methods available for this transformation, including their scope and limitations, recent developments and applications in total syntheses.

Postoperative pain management and recovery after remifentanil-based anaesthesia with isoflurane or propofol for major abdominal surgery. Remifentanil Study Group.

We have assessed if recovery times after morphine or fentanyl, given before terminating remifentanil anaesthesia with isoflurane or propofol, are compromised. We studied patients undergoing elective, major abdominal surgery, allocated randomly to receive remifentanil and isoflurane (n = 277) or remifentanil and propofol (n = 274) anaesthesia. Twenty-five minutes before the end of surgery, patients received fentanyl 0.

Contribution of non-neurologic disturbances in acute physiology to the prediction of intensive care outcome after head injury or non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.

Objective: To study the additional contribution of non-neurologic disturbances in acute physiology and chronic health to the prediction of intensive care outcome in patients with head injury or non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage.

Design: A nationwide study in Finland with prospectively collected data on all adult patients admitted to intensive care after head trauma or non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage during a 14-month period. Two-thirds of the patients were randomly selected to derive predictive models, and the remaining one third constituted the validation sample.

Prediction of outcome from intensive care after gastroenterologic emergency.

Prognostic factors determining the outcome from intensive care were studied in 952 patients admitted to 25 Finnish ICUs after gastroenterologic emergency. Logistic regression analysis was used to create predictive models based on the APACHE II-system. The models were constructed by using data from a random two-thirds of the study population and validated in the remaining independent one-third together with the original APACHE II-index.