Apathy in Parkinson's disease: differences between caregiver's report and self-evaluation.

Apathy is a state of diminished goal-directed speech, motor activity and emotions. The prevalence of apathy in Parkinson's disease (PD) ranges from 16 to 62%. Several studies have investigated the relationships between apathy and other dimensions of PD, but little is known about possible discrepancies between self-evaluation (SE) and caregiver reporting (CR) of this symptom.

The relationships between apathy and executive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Among these, apathy is relatively frequent but its relationships with cognitive dysfunctions have been poorly investigated.

Objective: To explore cognitive correlates of apathy with or without depression ("pure apathy") in MS patients.

Psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with depressive symptoms and major depression.

Objective: We assessed psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS, 17-item version) for assessing depressive symptomatology in a sample of MS patients.

Methods: Seventy patients (aged 43.

Apathy in multiple sclerosis: a validation study of the apathy evaluation scale.

Background: Apathy is defined as lack of motivation affecting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains and is usually assessed by standardized scales, such as the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Recently, apathy has been recognized as a frequent behavioral symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To evaluate applicability and clinical-metric properties of AES in MS and the agreement between patients' and caregivers' evaluation of apathy.

Natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter experience in clinical practice in Italy.

We evaluated efficacy of natalizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients in a clinical practice setting. We report data on the first consecutive 343 patients receiving natalizumab in 12 multiple sclerosis (MS) Italian centers enrolled between April 2007 and November 2010. The main efficacy endpoints were the proportion of patients free from relapses, disease progression, combined clinical activity, defined as presence of relapse or disease progression, from MRI activity, and from any disease activity defined as the absence of any single or combined activity.