Digitized mini optofluidic element and its application to ophthalmic lenses for presbyopia correction.

Using the internally placed elastic membrane and multi-chamber configuration, we designed a digitized mini optofluidic element for fast switching between refractive and diffractive states of preset optical powers. Relief surface was used in the diffractive state. We applied finite element analysis to establish membrane mechanical characteristics for switching at the force level produced by the ocular elements such as ciliary muscle or lower eyelid at eye downgaze.

IOL with square-edged optic and reduced dysphotopsia.

Purpose: To demonstrate a new optic edge design that preserves advantages of the square-edged optic and substantially reduces intensity of the light pattern formed at the retina by internal reflection off the optic edge.

Methods: Non-sequential ray tracing (Zemax optical design software) was used to model light intensity and distribution of the light pattern at the retina formed by internal light reflection off different optic edges in intraocular lens of otherwise equivalent configurations.

Results: A maximum intensity of the light pattern formed by internal reflection off the optic edge occurs within 35 to 42.

New bi-sign aspheric IOL and its application.

Purpose: To present a bi-sign aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) and make theoretical comparisons with spherical and one-sign aspheric IOLs for retinal image quality in mesopic conditions and intermediate image capability in photopic conditions.

Methods: Using ray-tracing in pseudophakic eye models, retinal image quality in terms of modulation transfer function was analyzed between the bi-sign aspheric and three types of one-sign aspheric IOLs and the spherical IOL for the range of corneal asphericities and different lens misalignments at 5 mm pupil diameter; comparison is made with the spherical IOL at defocus conditions characterized by negative refractive errors at 3 mm pupil diameter.

Results: Retinal image quality of the bi-sign aspheric lens was equal to or exceeded the one-sign aspheric and spherical IOLs in the majority of anterior cornea asphericities and lens misalignments within the spatial frequencies of 6 to 15 c/deg.

Light distribution in diffractive multifocal optics and its optimization.

Purpose: To expand a geometrical model of diffraction efficiency and its interpretation to the multifocal optic and to introduce formulas for analysis of far and near light distribution and their application to multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to diffraction efficiency optimization.

Setting: Medical device consulting firm, Newport Coast, California, USA.

Design: Experimental study.

Synchrony dual-optic accommodating intraocular lens. Part 1: optical and biomechanical principles and design considerations.

Purpose: To describe a dual-optic accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) based on theoretical considerations.

Setting: University and independent research group.

Methods: Ray-tracing analysis using optical modeling software (ZEMAXTM, Focus Software Inc.