Mathematical Modeling of the Gastrointestinal System for Preliminary Drug Absorption Assessment.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a multicompartmental mathematical model to simulate the activity of the gastrointestinal system after the intake of drugs, with a limited number of parameters. The gastrointestinal system is divided into five compartments, modeled as both continuous systems with discrete events (stomach and duodenum) and systems with delay (jejunum, ileum, and colon). The dissolution of the drug tablet occurs in the stomach and is described through the Noyes-Whitney equation, with pH dependence expressed through the Henderson-Hasselbach relationship.

Mathematical Modeling of Vedolizumab Treatment's Effect on Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

Growing evidence suggests that impaired gut permeability and gut microbiota alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), which include Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Vedolizumab is an anti-α4β7 antibody approved for IBD treatment, used as the first treatment or second-line therapy when the first line results in inadequate effectiveness. The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model capable of describing the pathophysiological mechanisms of Vedolizumab treatment in IBD patients.

Modeling and Validation of an Ultra-Compact Regenerative Liver Dialysis Device.

The availability of a wearable artificial liver that facilitates extracorporeal dialysis outside of medical facilities would represent a significant advancement for patients requiring dialysis. The objective of this preliminary investigation is to explore, using validated mathematical models based on in vitro data, the feasibility of developing a novel, cost-effective, and highly compact extracorporeal liver support device that can be employed as a transitional therapy to transplantation outside of clinical settings. Such an innovation would offer substantial cost savings to the national healthcare system while significantly improving the patient's quality of life.

Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater by Waste Roots from the Arsenic-Hyperaccumulator : Fixed Bed Adsorption Kinetics.

Phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated water was successfully conducted by means of the perennial fern , which is an arsenic-hyperaccumulator plant able to grow in hydroponic cultures. In order to avoid the costs linked to the disposal of As-contaminated biomass, in this work, waste roots were tested as a low-cost bio-adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from water in a fixed-bed adsorption configuration. As a matter of fact, methylene blue can negatively impact the growth and health of algae and plants by blocking light from reaching them in water, which can alter their normal biological processes.

Effect of Water-Ethanol Extraction as Pre-Treatment on the Adsorption Properties of Waste.

The adsorption properties of () for the uptake of Methylene Blue (MB) from water were investigated after pre-treating the material with water-ethanol solutions at different ethanol concentrations: 0% / (AV0), 25% / (AV25), and 50% / (AV50). The pre-treated materials were characterized as follows: the pHZC was evaluated to be 6, 5.7, and 7.