Italian Society for the Study of Diabetes (SID)/Italian Endocrinological Society (SIE) guidelines on the treatment of hyperglycemia in Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly.

Background: Hyperglycemia is a common feature associated with states of increased growth hormone secretion and glucocorticoid levels.

Aims: The purpose of these guidelines is to assist clinicians and other health care providers to take evidence-based therapeutic decisions for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with growth hormone and corticosteroid excess.

Methodology: Both the SID and SIE appointed members to represent each society and to collaborate in Guidelines writing.

Italian Society for the Study of Diabetes (SID)/Italian Endocrinological Society (SIE) guidelines on the treatment of hyperglycemia in Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly.

Hyperglycemia is a common feature associated with states of increased growth hormone secretion and glucocorticoid levels. The purpose of these guidelines is to assist clinicians and other health care providers to take evidence-based therapeutic decisions for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with growth hormone and corticosteroid excess. Both the SID and SIE appointed members to represent each society and to collaborate in Guidelines writing.

Biological effects of insulin and its analogs on cancer cells with different insulin family receptor expression.

Hyperinsulinemia is a likely cause of the increased cancer incidence and mortality in diabetic patients, but its role is difficult to define in vivo. Previous in vitro studies testing the mitogenic potential of insulin and its analogs provided incomplete and sometimes contradictory results. To better evaluate cancer cell responsiveness to insulin, to its analogs and to IGF-I, we measured under identical experimental conditions cell proliferation, invasiveness, and foci formation in six cancer cell lines with different insulin receptor family expression levels.

Thyroid cancer in thyroglossal duct cysts requires a specific approach due to its unpredictable extension.

Context: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in thyroglossal duct cysts is uncommon. The requirement of total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection is still controversial.

Setting: The study was performed in a referral thyroid cancer center at an academic hospital.

Update on thyroid cancer treatment.

Surgery and radioiodine therapy are usually effective for most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. However, poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas represent a challenge to physicians on the basis of the current cancer treatment modalities. These cancer subtypes are often lethal and refractory to radioiodine therapy as well as most of the common chemotherapy drugs.