Condensation of Diacetyl with Alkyl Amines: Synthesis and Reactivity of p-Iminobenzoquinones and p-Diiminobenzoquinones.

Condensation reactions between diacetyl and α-branched primary alkylamines under mild and neutral conditions provided a mixture of 2,5-dimethylbenzoquinone(alkylimines), 2,5-dimethylbenzoquinone(bis-alkyldiimines), and N,N'-dialkyl-2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamines, which were efficiently separated as pure products by column chromatography. Both 2,5-dimethylbenzoquinone(alkylimines) and 2,5-dimethylbenzoquinone(bis-alkyldiimines) underwent an interchange of the alkylimino group when treated with anilines, followed by reductive aromatization, to provide diarylamines and 1,4-dianilinobenzenes, respectively. Evaluation was also made of the reactivity and selectivity of these compounds in the presence of anilines, thiophenols and alkylhalides.

Experimental Transmission of African Swine Fever (ASF) Low Virulent Isolate NH/P68 by Surviving Pigs.

African swine fever (ASF) has persisted in Eastern Europe since 2007, and two endemic zones have been identified in the central and southern parts of the Russian Federation. Moderate- to low-virulent ASF virus isolates are known to circulate in endemic ASF-affected regions. To improve our knowledge of virus transmission in animals recovered from ASF virus infection, an experimental in vivo study was carried out.

Assessment of African Swine Fever Diagnostic Techniques as a Response to the Epidemic Outbreaks in Eastern European Union Countries: How To Improve Surveillance and Control Programs.

This study represents a complete comparative analysis of the most widely used African swine fever (ASF) diagnostic techniques in the European Union (EU) using field and experimental samples from animals infected with genotype II ASF virus (ASFV) isolates circulating in Europe. To detect ASFV, three different PCRs were evaluated in parallel using 785 field and experimental samples. The results showed almost perfect agreement between the Universal ProbeLibrary (UPL-PCR) and the real-time (κ = 0.

Experimental Infection of Domestic Pigs with African Swine Fever Virus Lithuania 2014 Genotype II Field Isolate.

An experimental infection was conducted to evaluate horizontal transmission, clinical, virological and humoral response induced in domestic pigs infected with African swine fever (ASF) genotype II virus circulating in 2014 into the European Union (EU). Ten naive pigs were placed in contact with eight pigs experimentally inoculated with the Lithuanian LT14/1490 ASF virus (ASFV) responsible for the first ASF case detected in wild boar in Lithuania in January 2014. Clinical examination and rectal temperature were recorded each day.