Clinical heterogeneity and treatment outcomes of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting: insights from a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with 1.3 million deaths in 2022. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for approximately 20% of all TB cases.

Influence of combined transcranial and peripheral electromagnetic stimulation on the autonomous nerve system on delayed onset muscle soreness in young athletes: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) represents a common challenge for athletes and has been a focal point of research in sports science. Eccentric exercise, known to induce DOMS, significantly impacts recovery and physiological processes. Electromagnetic stimulation, both transcranial and peripheral, has gained attention in sports medicine due to its demonstrated benefits in various conditions, offering potential as a recovery-enhancing tool for athletes.

Preventing oxygen desaturation during bronchoscopy in COPD patients using high flow oxygen standard management: the randomised controlled PROSA 2 Trial.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for developing additional respiratory comorbidities associated with smoking, and are thus prone to undergo flexible bronchoscopy. However, COPD patients have increased periprocedural complications risk and lower oxygen saturation during bronchoscopy.

Methods: This was an investigator-initiated, single centre, open-label randomised controlled trial designed to assess the benefits of high flow nasal oxygen compared to conventional low flow oxygen by nasal cannula during conscious sedation for bronchoscopy in patients with COPD.

[Consensus Recommendations for Lung Cancer Screening in Chile].

Unlabelled: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, also in Chile, where the main risk factor is smoking. Early detection using low-dose computed tomography has been shown to reduce mortality from this cause, but there are still no formal screening recommendations in Chile.

Aim: This initiative aimed to develop recommendations for lung cancer screening in Chile through an expert consensus process.

Permanent Neonatal Diabetes with High Insulin Requirements Due to a New Variant in the Gene.

Neonatal diabetes is an infrequent disorder that may present as transient, permanent, or syndromic. It is most commonly caused by pathogenic variants involving the ABCC8, KCNJ11, and INS genes. To describe a neonate with permanent diabetes mellitus due to a previously unreported variant in the INS gene, outlining the diagnostic complexities, therapeutic interventions, and related clinical challenges.