Semi-segmented lumbar supernumerary hemivertebra resection in congenital scoliosis: a case report.

Background: Congenital scoliosis with progressive potential is a controversial subject in early-onset spinal deformities. The presence of a hemivertebra may produce severe spinal deformities. The evolution of a scoliotic curve in these cases is unpredictable and requires careful follow-up dependent on multiple variables, such as the location of the hemivertebra, the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis, and the degree of deformity already present in both sagittal and frontal planes.

A Prospective Cohort Study on Quality of Life among the Pediatric Population after Surgery for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation.

Patellofemoral instability is a frequent cause of knee pathology affecting quality of life among the pediatric population. Here, we present a prospective cohort study which included patients who had undergone surgical management using the lateral release and medial imbrication approach (LRMI) or medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R). The object of this study was to assess the quality of life among children that have undergone surgical treatment for patellar dislocation.

Prenatal development of the rodent rostral migratory stream.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the embryological origins of the unique neuronal progenitor cells that form the rostral migratory stream (RMS), the path traversed by cells from the anterior part of the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZa) en route to the olfactory bulb. To determine when and where cells constituting the RMS initially exhibit their characteristic neuronal phenotype and high mitotic capacity, we analyzed the cells of the rat forebrain between embryonic day 14 (E14) and postnatal day 2 (P2). At E14, cells with a neuronal phenotype were observed within the ventricular zone in close proximity to the mantle layer of the future olfactory bulb.

Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the neonatal and adult primate forebrain.

Throughout life, the anterior part of the postnatal rodent subventricular zone (SVZa), surrounding the lateral ventricles, contains a prolific source of neuronal progenitor cells that retain their capacity to concurrently generate neurons and migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. This study was designed to determine whether the SVZ and RMS of the postnatal primate also harbor a specialized population of neuronal progenitors with the capacity to divide while they migrate. In order to reveal the spatial-temporal changes in the distribution and composition of the neuronal progenitor cells in the primate SVZ and RMS, seven rhesus monkeys, ranging in age from 2 days to 8 years, were given a single injection of the cell proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 3 h before they were perfused.

Infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the lateral ventricle of the adult rat leads to new neurons in the parenchyma of the striatum, septum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

The findings that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes in vitro the survival and/or differentiation of postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells and increases in vivo the number of the newly generated neurons in the adult rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb prompted us to investigate whether the infusion of BDNF influences the proliferation and/or differentiation of cells in other regions of the adult forebrain. We examined the distribution and phenotype of newly generated cells in the adult rat forebrain 16 d after intraventricular administration of BDNF in conjunction with the cell proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 12 d. BDNF infusion resulted in numerous BrdU(+) cells, not only in the SVZ lining the infused lateral ventricle, but moreover, in specific parenchymal structures lining the lateral and third ventricles, including the striatum and septum, as well as the thalamus and hypothalamus, in which neurogenesis had never been demonstrated previously during adulthood.