Defining ferroelectric characteristics with reversible piezoresponse: PUND switching spectroscopy PFM characterization.

Detecting ferroelectricity at micro- and nanoscales is crucial for advanced nanomaterials and materials with complicated topography. Switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SSPFM), which involves measuring piezoelectric hysteresis loops via a scanning probe microscopy tip, is a widely accepted approach to characterize polarization reversal at the local scale and confirm ferroelectricity. However, the local hysteresis loops acquired through this method often exhibit unpredictable shapes, a phenomenon often attributed to the influence of parasitic factors such as electrostatic forces and current flow.

Constitutive chitosanase from Bacillus thuringiensis B-387 and its potential for preparation of antimicrobial chitooligomers.

The article proves the ability of the entomopathogenic strain B. thuringiensis var. dendrolimus B-387 to high the constitutive production (3-12.

Purification and characterization of exo-β-1,4-glucosaminidase produced by chitosan-degrading fungus, Penicillium sp. IB-37-2A.

Chitosan-degrading fungal strain, Penicillium sp. IB-37-2A, produced mainly extracellular chitosanolytic enzymes under submerged agitating cultivation in presence of soluble chitosan or colloidal chitin as main carbon source. Significant N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity (8-18 × 10 U·ml) was also detected in culture filtrate of the fungal strain.

Continuation or reintroduction of bevacizumab beyond progression to first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: final results of the randomized BEBYP trial.

Background: The combination of bevacizumab with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is a standard first-line treatment option in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We studied the efficacy of continuing or reintroducing bevacizumab in combination with second-line chemotherapy after progression to bevacizumab-based first-line therapy.

Patients And Methods: In this phase III study, patients with mCRC treated with fluoropyrimidine-based first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab were randomized to receive in second-line mFOLFOX-6 or FOLFIRI (depending on first-line regimen) with or without bevacizumab.