Laser fragmentation of amorphous and crystalline selenium of various morphologies and assessment of their antioxidant and protection properties.

The process of laser-induced breakdown of amorphous and crystalline selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) of various shapes during nanosecond laser fragmentation of aqueous colloidal solutions of nanoparticles with different concentrations has been studied. The methods of studying the characteristics of plasma and acoustic oscillations induced by optical breakdown are applied. The methods of assessing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, the amount of long-lived reactive species of protein and 8-oxoguanine are applied.

Laser Ablation-Generated Crystalline Selenium Nanoparticles Prevent Damage of DNA and Proteins Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species and Protect Mice against Injuries Caused by Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress.

With the help of laser ablation, a technology for obtaining nanosized crystalline selenium particles (SeNPs) has been created. The SeNPs do not exhibit significant toxic properties, in contrast to molecular selenium compounds. The administration of SeNPs can significantly increase the viabilities of SH-SY5Y and PCMF cells after radiation exposure.

Metformin mitigates radiation toxicity exerting antioxidant and genoprotective properties.

The antidiabetic drug metformin (MF) exhibits redox-modulating effects in various pathologies associated with oxidative stress and mitigates ionizing radiation-induced toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Thus, we studied some radiomitigatory effects of MF and explored the possible mechanisms behind them. Highly sensitive luminescence methods and non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used in in vitro studies, and in vivo the damage to bone marrow cells and its repair were assessed by the micronucleus test.

Metformin counters oxidative stress and mitigates adverse effects of radiation exposure: An overview.

Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanidine hydrochloride) (MF) is a drug that has long been in use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and recently is coming into use in the radiation therapy of cancer and other conditions. Exposure to ionizing radiation disturbs the redox homeostasis of cells and causes damage to proteins, membranes, and mitochondria, destroying a number of biological processes. After irradiation, MF activates cellular antioxidant and repair systems by signaling to eliminate the harmful consequences of disruption of redox homeostasis.