[MINERAL BONE DENSITY AND BODY COMPOSITION IN PARTICIPANTS IN EXPERIMENT MARS-500].

Investigations of the bone system and body composition in Mars-500 test-subjects (prior to and on completion of the experiment) involved dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using the HOLOGIC Delphy densitometer and the protocol performed to examine cosmonauts. Bone density of lumber vertebrae and femoral proximal epiphysis, and body composition were measured. Reliable changes in vertebral density found in 3 test-subjects displayed different trends from +2.

[Changes in bone structure according to the results of investigations on biosatellites of the "BION" series].

Noninvasive technologies of bone investigations measure largely the main skeletal sites and are not quite suitable to have a look at the bone internal organization in situ. However, there are data obtained noninvasively in experiments on board the space biosatellites. The review is dedicated to analysis and comparison of the evidence for the bone organic and mineral matrix restructuring due to microgravity.

[Mechanisms of human osteopenia and some peculiarities of bone metabolism in weightlessness conditions].

Systematically results and new analysis data on the investigation of human bone system in space flight, the orbital station Mir and International Space Station, are presented. The bone mineral density, bone mineral content, identified as bone mass and body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were measured. Theoretically, an expected bone mass loss in trabecular tissue of lower skeletal half may by described as a quickly developing but reversible osteopenia and considered as evidence of functional adaptation of bone tissue to the changing mechanical load.

[Characteristics of local human skeleton reactions to microgravity and drug treatment of osteoporosis in clinic].

Analysis of the results of long-term investigations of bones in cosmonauts flown on the orbital station MIR and International space station (n = 80) was performed. Theoretically predicted (evolutionary predefined) change in mass of different skeleton bones was found to correlate (r = 0.904) with position relatively the Earth's gravity vector.

[Interrelation of dynamics of blood lipids and bone mineral density in humans during 370-day bed rest].

Comparison of bone mineral density and fatty-acid blood content in 9 human subjects exposed to 370-d bed rest revealed correlation of the loss in femoral neck density with parameters of lipid exchange. On day-46 of BR, the absolute lipids content in erythrocyte membranes and blood serum decreased considerably (1.5-2 times) when compared with baseline data.