[The pandemic as antagonism of entropy and neg-entropy in human interaction with environment].

The article considers issue of substantiation of the anti-systemic dimension of pandemic. The combination of biocenosis, anthropocenosis and technology within the framework of systematic approach is demonstrated. The outline of structural aspects of pandemic as negative medianess, catastrophic extreme situation and antagonism of entropy and neg-entropy is presented.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice in benign diseases].

The article analyses the results of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by benign diseases in 279 patients. Cholelithiasis was the cause of obstructive jaundice in 82.4% of patients; in 30.