Objective sonographic measurements of renal pelvic diameter and renal parenchymal thickness can identify renal hypofunction and poor drainage in patients with antenatally detected unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Introduction: Hydronephrosis grading systems risk stratify patients with potential ureteropelvic junction obstruction, but only some criteria are measured objectively. Most notably, there is no consensus definition of renal parenchymal thinning.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the association between sonographic measures of renal length, renal pelvic diameter, and renal parenchymal thickness and the outcomes of a)renal hypofunction(differential renal function{DRF} <40%) and b)high-risk renal drainage(T1/2 > 40 min).

Antibiotic Overtreatment of Presumed Urinary Tract Infection Among Children with Spina Bifida.

Objective: To identify factors associated with overtreatment of presumed urinary tract infection (UTI) among children with spina bifida using such criteria.

Study Design: A retrospective review of children with spina bifida (age <21 years) evaluated in the Emergency Department (ED) at a single institution was performed. Patients with a urinalysis (UA) performed who were reliant on assisted bladder emptying were included.

Urologic Presentations and Management Options in Pediatric Mitochondrial Disease.

Objective: To review the evaluation and management of urologic pathology related to mitochondiral diseases (MD) in childhood.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with MD from 1/1/2000 - 10/8/2020 who were referred for urologic evaluation at a single pediatric hospital. Clinical and demographic information was reviewed including symptomatology, urodynamic evaluation, and medical/surgical management.

Management of urinary incontinence following treatment of prostate disease.

Unlabelled: INTRODUCTION Men who undergo treatment for prostate disease are at increased risk of urinary incontinence (UI). UI has a known negative impact on patient quality of life. Once a thorough evaluation has been performed, there are effective modalities for treatment that can be tailored to the patient.

Surgical and Radiological Management of Complicated Uterine Leiomyoma Aided by 3D Models in a Patient with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.

BACKGROUND Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue. Over time, patients with FOP experience decreased range of motion in the joints and the formation of a second skeleton, limiting mobility. Patients with FOP are advised to avoid any unwarranted surgery owing to the risk of a heterotopic ossification flare-up.