Ordered nanostructures written directly by laser interference.

We present a simplified method to employ laser interference lithography for the fabrication of ordered nanostructures. Neither resist, nor an elaborate fabrication process was needed. Four-beam interference patterns generated in this work included periodic arrays of holes in GaAs, covered with SiO(2) bubbles, and they were directly written into the sample.

TIR-1 carbon dioxide laser system for fusion.

During recent years pulsed CO(2) lasers for fusion research have been under construction in the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy and the D.