Forced randomization: the what, why, and how.

Background: When running a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a clinical site may face a situation when an eligible trial participant is to be randomized to the treatment that is not available at the site. In this case, there are two options: not to enroll the participant, or, without disclosing to the site, allocate the participant to a treatment arm with drug available at the site using a built-in feature of the interactive response technology (IRT). In the latter case, one has employed a "forced randomization" (FR).

What Can Physiology Tell Us about State of Interest?

The state of interest as a positive emotion is associated with the ability to comprehend new information and/or to better consolidate already perceived information, to increase the attention level to the object, to increase informational processing, and also to influence such processes as learning and motivation. The aim of this study was to reveal oculomotor correlates that can predict the locus of interest in cases of people perceiving educational information from different areas of knowledge presented as text or multimedia content. Sixty (60) volunteers participated in the study (50% males, mean age 22.

Antigenotoxic Activity of Polyphenolic Composition BP-C2 in Mouse Germ Cells In Vivo.

In vivo antigenotoxic activity of BP-C2 composition (at doses of 60, 80, and 120 mg/kg) based on polyphenolic compounds derived from hydrolyzed lignin was evaluated in mouse germ cells. The BP-C2 composition dose-dependently reduced the aneugenic activity of topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide in mouse oocytes without affecting the clastogenic activity of the genotoxicant. In mouse testicular cells, the BP-C2 composition reduced the DNA-damaging activity of the pro-oxidant genotoxicant dioxidine, but not etoposide.

Electronic correlations and intrinsic magnetism of interstitial quasi-atomic states in LiAu electride.

We investigate the electronic sub-system of a recently designed LiAu superconducting electride to reveal its many-body correlated nature and magnetic properties. Using maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) to describe the interstitial anion electron (IAE) states, it was found that these states are partially occupied with a population of 1.5e and have negligible hybridization with the almost completely filled p-Au states.