Efficacy of chamomile-extract spray for prevention of post-operative sore throat.

A randomized, double-blind study was carried out to assess the effect of 111 mg of Chamomile extract spray compared with normal saline spray (placebo) administered before intubation on post-operative sore throat and hoarseness. One hundred and sixty-one ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I, II elective surgical patients were recruited. Forty-two out of 80 patients (52.

The effect on the hemodynamic stability of varying calcium chloride administration during protamine infusion in pediatric open-heart patients.

We conducted a randomized study in 147 pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass to determine when there are any differences in hemodynamic effects if CaCl(2) 20 mg/kg and protamine 5mg/kg are mixed together and infused over 10 min versus administering half of the calcium dose (10 mg/kg) as a bolus followed by a 10-min infusion of protamine 5 mg/kg and CaCl(2) 10mg/kg.

Cardiovascular and respiratory changes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has several advantages over the traditional open cholecystectomy, it may however cause some adverse cardiovascular and respiratory effects associated with intraperitoneal insufflation of CO2. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate hemodynamic and respiratory monitorings should be used routinely in order to prevent deleterious complications, especially in high risk patients.