Zooplankton as a Transitional Host for in Freshwater.

This study shows that Escherichia coli can be temporarily enriched in zooplankton under natural conditions and that these bacteria can belong to different phylogroups and sequence types (STs), including environmental, clinical, and animal isolates. We isolated 10 E. coli strains and sequenced the genomes of two of them.

Subacute endocarditis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica: a case report.

Yersinia enterocolitica is an unusual cause of septicaemia, usually occurring in immunocompromised hosts. Endocardial involvement is rare and generally presents as acute endocarditis. We describe the case of a 73-y-old woman, apparently without risk factors for endocarditis, admitted to hospital for persistent fever of unknown origin, arthralgia, and weight loss.

Comparison of a rule-based algorithm with a phenotype-based algorithm for the interpretation of HIV genotypes in guiding salvage regimens in HIV-infected patients by a randomized clinical trial: the mutations and salvage study.

Background: There is still considerable uncertainty as to the best algorithm for interpreting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genotyping results.

Methods: A total of 318 subjects with HIV RNA levels of >1000 copies/mL were enrolled in 41 centers throughout Italy from 2001 through 2003, stratified on the basis of their drug history, randomized (1:1) to 2 arms to have their treatments modified on the basis of the results of HIV genotyping (as interpreted by virtual phenotype analysis or with use of a rule-based interpretation system), and followed up for 48 weeks. At least 1 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor and 1 protease inhibitor had to be included in any new regimen; nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-naive patients were also prescribed a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.

[Non-epidermidis coagulase-negative staphylococci in infectious diseases of the compromised host].

Today Staphylococcus epidermidis has been recognized as the etiological agent of infectious diseases such as endocarditis, sepsis and meningitis that mainly come out in compromised hosts because of the breaching of the mechanical barrier (cardiosurgical, neurosurgical patients and central venous catheter carriers). Other "non-epidermidis coagulase negative Staphylococci" are more and more frequently isolated from patients at high risk of infection. Faced with these isolations, it is difficult for the clinician and the microbiologist to give these microorganisms their effective pathogenic role.