Comparative study of Eimeria tenella development in different cell culture systems.

Cell culture systems have long been recognised as great resources to mitigate the use of animals in research, offering effective solutions for replacement or reduction with benefits commonly including lower costs, shorter duration and improved reproducibility. The use of in vitro culture methods has been extensively explored for many apicomplexan parasites, supporting significant research advances, but studies with Eimeria are often limited since they still depend on the animal host. In this study we have used 2.

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Intracellular Development.

Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge in poultry production and is typically managed with ionophores and chemical anticoccidials. However, the emergence of drug resistance and limitations on their use have encouraged the exploration of alternative solutions, including botanical compounds and improvements in in vitro screening methods. Prior research focused only on the impact of these alternatives on invasion, with intracellular development in cell cultures receiving limited attention.

What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites ?

Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by spp.

Refractile bodies of are proteinaceous membrane-less organelles that undergo dynamic changes during infection.

Introduction: Refractile bodies (RB) are large membrane-less organelles (MLO) of unknown function found as a prominent mismatched pair within the sporozoite stages of all species of , parasitic coccidian protozoa.

Methods: High resolution imaging methods including time-lapse live confocal microscopy and serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) were used to investigate the morphology of RB and other intracellular organelles before and after sporozoite invasion of host cells.

Results: Live cell imaging of MDBK cells infected with sporozoites confirmed previous reports that RB reduce from two to one post-infection and showed that reduction in RB number occurs merger of the anterior RB with the posterior RB, a process that lasts 20-40 seconds and takes place between 2- and 5-hours post-infection.