Benefits of anticitrullinated peptides examination in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Anti-citrullinated peptides antibodies (ACPA) are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. ACPA examination is a new component of ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. ACPA positivity predicts a more erosive disease course with severe joint damage and extra-articular manifestations.

[Hyponatremia - carbamazepine medication complications].

Hyponatremia can be defined like the low sodium concentration, lower that 135 mmol/l. It becomes really serious when the concentration is lower than 120 mmol/l. The most frequent causes of hyponatremia are: the extrarenal loss (GIT, skin, bleeding, sequestration), the renal loss (diuretics, nephritis with the salt loss, osmotical diuresis, the Addison disease), hypothyroidism, the lack of glucocorticoids, emotional stress, pain, pseudohyponatremia (incorrect taking, dyslipoproteinemia).

[Morbus Ormond (idiopatic retroperitoneal fibrosis)].

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) is a rare condition characterized by the development of fibrotic tissue around the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries and often involves structures as ureters and the inferior vena cava. The age at onset of signs and symptoms is between 40-60 years, males predominane over females. In most cases the clinical manifestation is presented as compressive syndrom of ureters, therefore the first known cases were described by urologists.