Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review.

The present study aimed to review the physiological aspects of adolescent track-and-field (TAF) athletes. A search of Scopus on 27/12/2022 using the syntax ABS (track-and-field) AND ABS (children) OR ABS (adolescent) showed 121 documents, and 45 were considered for further analysis. In addition, handsearching was conducted to identify Russian literature missing in Scopus.

[Physiological Laws of Ontogenesis and Their Possible Applications to the Theory of Sports Training].

The article is an attempt of a theoretical analysis of the most important physiological laws of ontogenesis and their applicability to the process of adaptation to physical exercise as a result of sports training. The hypothesis of this analysis is that the basic physiological principles (laws) of the organism development can be used in the construction of sports training. Indeed, for the long-term adaptation are important principles of heterochrony and of periodization, while other systemic patterns that are typical for ontogenesis can not be observed in the process of adaptation to exercise or have some specific features of manifestation.

[The physiological analysis of cross adaptation to regular cold exposure and physical activities].

Research is devoted to the comparative analysis of results of cold adaptation and physical training. The adaptive shifts occurring in an organism under the influence of a hardening (douche by a cold shower 2 times a day 2 minutes long within 6 weeks) and running training on the treadmill (30 minutes at 70-80% of individual VO2max, 3 times a week, within 6 weeks) were compared at 6 the same subjects. The interval between the two cycles of training was no less than 3 months.

[Energetics of child's organisim: qualitative and quantitative specifics].

The review summarizes data on the age transformations of energy metabolism observed in the human ontogeny from birth to maturity. Shown that elevated basal energy in child is not associated with the activity of the growth processes. As maturing body structures qualitative changes of metabolic processes appear, which generally lead to economizing and expand functional range.

[Effect of training on treadmill performance, aerobic capacity and body reactions to acute cold exposure].

An attempt was made to test the hypothesis that regular physical activity at the anaerobic threshold is able to stimulate an increase in the amount of body fat brown or beige, which can manifest itself in increasing lactate utilization during exercise and increase the reactivity in response to acute regional cooling. The methods used are: ramp test, regional acute cold exposure, measurement of gas exchange, lactate and glucose in the blood, heart rate, and heart rate variability, blood pressure and respiration variability at rest and during standard functional tests; infrared thermal imaging, statistical methods of results analysis. Workout 10 physically active volunteers (7 males and 3 females) on a treadmill at a speed corresponding to 75-80% of the persona VO2max for 30 minutes 3 times per week at a fixed ambient temperature 21-22°C for 6 weeks resulted in a significant (from 19 to 39%) increase in test work duration but VO2max on average changed little.