The Molecular Biology of Placental Transport of Calcium to the Human Foetus.

From fertilisation to delivery, calcium must be transported into and within the foetoplacental unit for intracellular signalling. This requires very rapid, precisely located Ca transfers. In addition, from around the eighth week of gestation, increasing amounts of calcium must be routed directly from maternal blood to the foetus for bone mineralisation through a flow-through system, which does not impact the intracellular Ca concentration.

Facial pressure beneath a cavesson noseband adjusted to different tightness levels during standing and chewing.

Background: Noseband adjustment should avoid discomfort and allow some jaw movement.

Objectives: To determine pressure beneath a cavesson noseband at five tightness levels during standing and chewing. It was hypothesised that increased noseband tightness is associated with increases in nasal and mandibular pressures while standing and chewing, accompanied by increases in eye temperature and blink rate.

Critical genes in genitourinary embryogenesis are related to the development of adult hydrocele.

Despite being a common urologic disorder with potentially complicated sequela, the genetic background of adult hydrocele has not previously been described. We performed a multi-population genome-wide association study of 363,460 men in the United Kingdom BioBank and FinnGen cohorts. We identified 6,548 adult men with hydrocele.