Pharmacological strategies for appetite modulation in eating disorders: a narrative review.

Background: A substantial increase in the prevalence of eating disorders has been noticed over the past decades. Priority in the treatment of eating disorders is justifiably given to psychosocial interventions. However, it is also well known that centrally acting drugs can significantly affect appetite and food consumption.

[Biological aspects of treatment resistance in psychiatry and pharmacodynamic approaches to its management].

Treatment resistance is a persistent neurochemical condition characterized by the presence of «hybrid» metabolism, which combines both pathological and drug-dependent metabolisms. The difficulties in management and prevention of treatment resistance are associated with a lack of understanding of neurochemical aspects of the development of higher mental functions. The authors suggest that the basic types of species-preserving behavior are associated with the activity of monoaminergic systems while the modulation of their activity is predetermined by local neuronal networks in the rostral parts of the brain, where a variety of co-transmitters play an important role.

[Non-drug methods in the treatment of resistant mental pathology (a neurophysiological approach)].

The author considers the drug resistance in therapy of mental diseases of the brain within the neurophysiological concept of N.P. Behtereva about stable pathological state.

[Nosospecific anxiety and a spectrum of anxiolytic activity of psychotropic drugs].

The article discusses the pathogenetic mechanisms of anxiety in different psychiatric disorders. The influence of anxiety on the course, pharmacotherapeutic treatment with respect to the pathogenesis and the possible neurochemical imbalance in the definite type of anxiety are discussed. An anti-anxiety effect in the action of psychotropic drugs is described.

[Evolutionary aspects of psychopathology and perspectives of psychopharmacology].

The authors consider the general conception of the pathogenesis of mental diseases based on the disruption of interactions between local neuronal networks. The development of mental disorders provoked by environmental factors is thought to disturb the activity of small groups of neurons with genetically determined module activity. It is hypothesized that the interaction of modules determines the forms of this activity that are of evolutionary origin predicting behavioral programs of familial inheritance and "personified" behavioral response.