From imaging to personalized 3D printed molds in cranioplasty.

Cranioplasty is the surgical repair of a bone defect in the skull resulting from a previous operation or injury, which involves lifting the scalp and restoring the contour of the skull with a graft made from material that is reconstructed from scans of the patient's own skull. The paper introduces a 3D printing technology in creating molds, which are filled with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to reconstruct the missing bone part of the skull. The procedure included several steps to create a 3D model in an STL format, conversion into a G-code which is further used to produce the mold itself using a 3D printer.

Footprint of sustained poleward warm water flow within East Antarctic submarine canyons.

The intrusion of relatively warm water onto the continental shelf is widely recognized as a threat to Antarctic ice shelves and glaciers grounded below sea level, as enhanced ocean heat increases their basal melt. While the circulation of warm water has been documented on the East Antarctic continental shelf, the modes of warm water transport from the deep ocean onto the shelf are still uncertain. This makes predicting the future responses of major East Antarctic marine-grounded glaciers, such as Totten and Ninnis glaciers, particularly challenging.

Prevalence of Risk Factors in Patients with Postprocedural Ischemic Lesions after Coiling of Very Small Intracranial Aneurysms.

Very small intracranial aneurysms, generally considered to be those 3 mm in diameter or smaller, pose particular technical challenges for endovascular surgeons. For this reason, very small aneurysms have been excluded from many relevant studies. The aim of our research was to establish the risk factors for the occurrence of stroke complications after endovascular embolization of ruptured and unruptured small intracranial aneurysms.