Defining life and evolution: Essay on the origin, expansion, and evolution of living matter.

This essay aims to define the origin, expansion, and evolution of living matter. The first formations, identified as remains, fossils, traces etc. of life are almost as old as the Earth itself.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells or Interleukin-6 Improve Episodic Memory of Mice Lacking α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of α7 subtype (α7 nAChRs) are involved in regulating cognition, inflammation and cell survival. Neuroinflammation is accompanied by the decrease of α7 nAChRs in the brain and impairment of memory. We show here that α7-/- mice possess pro-inflammatory phenotype and demonstrate worse episodic memory compared to wild-type mice.

Intravenously Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Penetrate the Brain and Treat Inflammation-Induced Brain Damage and Memory Impairment in Mice.

Neuroinflammation is regarded as one of the pathogenic factors of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previously, we showed that mice regularly injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) possessed the AD-like symptoms like episodic memory decline, elevated amounts of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide (1-42), and decreased levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can differentiate into multiple cell types, including neurons, is an attractive idea of regenerative medicine, in particular, for neurodegenerative disorders like AD.

[Polyclonal antibodies against human cell-surface antigen CD34].

An efficient and inexpensive laboratory approach for the generation and the purification of polyclonal antibodies to human antigen CD34 was developed. It was shown that cloned refolded and purified from Escherichia coli recombinant extracellular fragment of CD34 antigen retained immunogenic determinants of cell-surface expressed CD34. Immunization of mice with unglycosylated truncated recombinant protein elicit polyclonal antibodies specific for the native human antigen CD34.

[Characterization of a panel of mouse single-chain antibodies against recombinant human interferon beta1b].

A panel of single-chain antibodies (ScFv's--single-chain Fv-antibodies) against recombinant human interferon beta 1b (rhIFN-beta1b) has been obtained from immune and naive combinatorial cDNA libraries of the mouse variable immunoglobulin genes. ScFv's were expressed into Escherichia coli cells. For producers isolated from the immune library a difference in production yield of ScFv's in periplasm and incubation medium as well as their expression stability in passages and storage stability have been demonstrated.