Growth of bulk β-GaO crystals from melt without precious-metal crucible by pulling from a cold container.

We report the growth of bulk β-GaO crystals based on crystal pulling from a melt using a cold container without employing a precious-metal crucible. Our approach, named oxide crystal growth from cold crucible (OCCC), is a fusion between the skull-melting and Czochralski methods. The absence of an expensive precious-metal crucible makes this a cost-effective crystal growth method, which is a critical factor in the semiconductor industry.