Immunotherapy-responsive limbic encephalitis with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been recently identified as a target of humoral autoimmunity in a small subgroup of patients with non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (NPLE). We present a patient with NPLE and positive anti-GAD antibodies who showed significant improvement after long-term immunotherapy. A 48-year old female was admitted with a two-year history of anterograde amnesia and seizures.

Unilateral lumbosacral dislocation: case report and a comprehensive review.

Lumbosacral fracture-dislocation is a rare occurrence. There are more than 73 cases reported in the English literature. We report on the imaging findings and surgical treatment in a patient suffered of unilateral traumatic L5-S1 dislocation associated with severe disruption of the posterior ligamentous complex.

Intramedullary bone formation after intramedullary nailing.

Objectives: To determine the gross structural alterations of the nailed bone (femur or tibia) after the removal of an intramedullary nail (IMN).

Design: Prospective, consecutive, patient series.

Setting: Academic, level 1 trauma center.

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia complicated with severe ischemic stroke in a young patient.

A young patient suffered from acute right hemiparesis, facial weakness and Broca's aphasia with multiple brain lesions due to severe hypertension. His evaluation for secondary causes of hypertension revealed hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Treatment is based primarily on spironolactone and ACE inhibitors.

Rigler sign: an underappreciated alert for pneumoperitoneum.

A patient presented with abdominal pain. Supine abdominal radiograph disclosed free intraperitoneal air (Rigler sign). This finding prompted further work-up and treatment.