Clinical Sensitivity and Specificity of the PROSTest in an American Cohort.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States, following skin cancer, with an incidence rate of 112.7 per 100,000 men per year. The need for a reliable, non-invasive diagnostic tool for early PCa detection (screening, biochemical residual disease) remains unmet due to the limitations of PSA testing, which often leads to overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Cross-sectional evaluation of medical reversals among National Institute of Health guideline practices implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic: how often did experts err in a time of crisis?

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic required the rapid and often widespread implementation of medical practices without robust data. Many of these practices have since been tested in large, randomised trials and were found to be in error. We sought to identify incorrect recommendations, or reversals, among National Institute of Health COVID-19 guidelines and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals and authorisations.

Speciation and historical invasions of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus).

Animal translocations provide striking examples of the human footprint on biodiversity. Combining continental-wide genomic and DNA-barcoding analyses, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of the Asian black-spined toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), a toxic commensal amphibian that currently threatens two biodiversity hotspots through biological invasions (Wallacea and Madagascar). The results emphasize a complex diversification shaped by speciation and mitochondrial introgression that comprises two distinct species.

Transmission of unfolded protein response-a regulator of disease progression, severity, and spread in virus infections.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cell-autonomous stress response aimed at restoring homeostasis due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Viruses often hijack the host cell machinery, leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. The cell-autonomous UPR is the immediate response of an infected cell to this stress, aiming to restore normal function by halting protein translation, degrading misfolded proteins, and activating signaling pathways that increase the production of molecular chaperones.